Piaget was a cognitive psychology figures very large influence on the development of other cognitive thinking experts. According to Piaget, cognitive development is a genetic process, a process that is based on the biological mechanisms of development of the nervous system. Thus with increasing age of a person the more comprehensive arrangement of nerve cells and also increased his ability. He concluded that the power of thought or of mental power of children of different ages it will be qualitatively different. Results achieved in the field of cognitive is that the number of students who scored highest on the basis of a thorough mastery of specific subject material.
According to Piaget, learning will occur if the following stages of assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration (balancing). The process of assimilation or integration is the process of integrating new information into the cognitive structure that is owned by individuals. The process of accommodation is the process of adjusting the cognitive structure into a new situation. While the equilibration process is continuous adjustment between assimilation and accommodation. For example, a child has memahami9 principle of reduction, when studying the principle of division is the process of integrating the principles of reduction that has been mastered by the principle of division (new information). This view is called the processes of assimilation, if the child is given the distribution problems, the situation is called accommodation. This means that the child is already able to apply or use the principles of sharing in a new and specific situations.
According to Piaget, the learning process one would follow the pattern and stages of development in accordance with the general. Pattern and this stage is hierarchical, meaning that should be passed specific order and a person can not learn something that is beyond the cognitive, Piaget divides cognitive development into four:
A. Sensoritas stage (age 0-2 years)
The growth of the child's ability and the looks of the motor activity of simple perception, the principal traits of development based on the action, and carried out step by step, it is permitted to include:
1). Sees himself as being different from the objects around it.
2). Seek stimulation through light and sound.
3). Like to pay attention to something longer.
4). Defining thing else with the manipulations.
5). Attention to the object as being fixed, and then want to change the place.
B. Preoperasional stage (age 2-7/8 years)
Features on the main stage of this development is the use of symbols or sign language, and began developing concepts intuitaisasf. This stage is divided into two, namely preoperasional and intuitive.
Preoperational (age 2-4 years) children have been able to use the language in the development of language in developing the concept, although still very simple. So frequent mistakes in understanding the characteristics of this stage are:
1). Self counter is very prominent.
2). Objects can be classified on the basis of a single and striking.
3). Not able to focus on different objects.
4). Able to collect the goods according to the criteria, including the correct criteria.
5). Can arrange objects in a row, but can not explain the difference between the rows.
Intuitive Phase (4-7 or 8 years old), children have been able to acquire knowledge based on the impression of a rather abstract. The conclusions are not expressed in words. Therefore, at this age children have been able to reveal the contents of the symbolic heart, especially for those who have extensive experience, the characteristics of this stage are:
1). Children may establish classes or categories of objects, but not realizing it.
2). Children begin to learn in a logical relationship to the things that are more comprehensive.
3). Children can do something about some ideas.
4). Children acquire the right principles. He breaks it down, volume eternal child at age 7 years. Children understand that the object is still the same even if the object is classified in different ways.
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